Extraction
Mining is a complex process. Proper design and execution of the mining process requires the use of various engineering methods in the framework of special techniques for each deposit. Accordingly, accurate design, coherent planning and proper implementation of a mining project will lead to optimal productivity, reduction of operating costs and increase of investment profit. The use of modern mining machinery, technology and methods can make the mining economy dynamic and sustainable. Expertise and experience are necessary and sufficient parameters to present a suitable extraction plan.
Zar Yab Negareh Cyrus Company has experienced specialists in the field of mining and meets all specialized needs in this field.
Mining is done by surface and underground methods. In surface extraction, tailings and ore extraction operations are performed outdoors and there is no limit to the use of very large machines with high power and capacity. Production and safety in surface extraction methods are high and extraction costs are low. Due to the low cost of surface extraction, it is possible to extract low-grade ores. Accordingly, surface mining methods, especially open pit mining, are also used for mass deposits that are not at or near the surface. This method is mostly used for metal mines that are bulk and low grade. In this method, the waste is transported and accumulated to a place farther from the extraction site. Reserves such as coal, bauxite, gypsum and phosphate are extracted by surface extraction method. In this case, extraction is done continuously and there are no two separate systems for extraction and transportation of minerals and waste is accumulated near the extraction site. If the mineral is located at a depth that its extraction by methods is not economically open or further extraction by open methods, after a time when the ratio of tailings to extractable reserves exceeds the economic limit, mining is done by underground methods Accept.
Parametric mineral depth is important to decide on the choice of surface or underground extraction method. There is a point between low and high depths called the head-to-head point. At this point, target storage extraction has an equal economic advantage with both surface and underground methods. Therefore, if this depth is obtained, it can be said that the upper reserves of this depth should be extracted by surface methods and the extraction of lower reserves of this depth by underground method is cost-effective. A thorough technical and economic review is required to determine and calculate the head-to-head depth. The amount of head-to-head depth varies in different conditions, different countries and even different places in a country. Reserve-dependent factors and non-reserve-related factors affect the determination and calculation of head-to-head depth. Reserve-related factors include the type of storage, its location, slope, thickness, grade, thickness of waste layers and many other factors that affect the cost of extraction. Non-dependent factors of the reserve include economic conditions, subsidies, taxes, the amount of demand for the mineral in question, the price of alternative minerals, interest rates, inflation, the exchange rate of foreign currencies, and so on. In addition, it should be noted that changes in technology will cause the amount of head depth to change over time.
Underground mining can be designed with a variety of techniques. The division of underground methods is not logical. In general, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the extraction design team must have complete mastery of all extraction methods and techniques in order to be able to design the best extraction method by considering hundreds of factors and many variables.
The selection and management of mining machinery are important steps in the dynamic extraction and control of the mining economy. In general, mining machines can be divided into three categories: drilling and cutting machines, transport machines and safety and service machines. Many parameters are effective in the selection of mining machinery. Complete information from minerals and mines to the capabilities, advantages and disadvantages of machinery is needed to make the right choice for the type and number of mining machines of a mine. All mining machines that have been built from ancient times to the present and will be built in the future have one common goal in common, and that is to increase production efficiency. Today, one of the most important criteria for comparing mining methods and mining machines with each other is the degree of continuity of their production. Mining today, due to its high investment volume, requires high production to be cost-effective, and high production is not possible except with continuous production. In this regard, the parameter of repair and maintenance costs of mining machines should also be considered. In addition to the financial dimension, this parameter is also important in terms of production continuity.